Solution - Long subtraction
Step-by-step explanation
1. Rewrite the numbers from top to bottom, aligned by their place values
| Place value | hundreds | tens | ones | . | tenths | hundredths | thousandths |
| 4 | 5 | 1 | . | 0 | 2 | ||
| - | 3 | 1 | 9 | . | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| . |
Put zeros in the blank number places:
| Place value | hundreds | tens | ones | . | tenths | hundredths | thousandths |
| 4 | 5 | 1 | . | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
| - | 3 | 1 | 9 | . | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| . |
2. Subtract the numbers using long subtraction method
Because the upper digit (0) in the thousandths column is too small to get a positive difference, borrow 1 from the digit (2) in the next number place which becomes (1) and get (10).
| Place value | hundreds | tens | ones | . | tenths | hundredths | thousandths |
| 1 | 10 | ||||||
| 4 | 5 | 1 | . | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
| - | 3 | 1 | 9 | . | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| . |
Subtract the numbers in the thousandths column from the top number:
10-0-5=5
| Place value | hundreds | tens | ones | . | tenths | hundredths | thousandths |
| 1 | 10 | ||||||
| 4 | 5 | 1 | . | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
| - | 3 | 1 | 9 | . | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| . | 5 |
Subtract the numbers in the hundredths column from the top number:
1-0=1
| Place value | hundreds | tens | ones | . | tenths | hundredths | thousandths |
| 1 | 10 | ||||||
| 4 | 5 | 1 | . | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
| - | 3 | 1 | 9 | . | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| . | 1 | 5 |
Subtract the numbers in the tenths column from the top number:
0-0=0
| Place value | hundreds | tens | ones | . | tenths | hundredths | thousandths |
| 1 | 10 | ||||||
| 4 | 5 | 1 | . | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
| - | 3 | 1 | 9 | . | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| . | 0 | 1 | 5 |
Because the upper digit (1) in the ones column is too small to get a positive difference, borrow 1 from the digit (5) in the next number place which becomes (4) and get (11).
| Place value | hundreds | tens | ones | . | tenths | hundredths | thousandths |
| 4 | 11 | ||||||
| 1 | 10 | ||||||
| 4 | 5 | 1 | . | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
| - | 3 | 1 | 9 | . | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| . | 0 | 1 | 5 |
Subtract the numbers in the ones column from the top number:
11-9=2
| Place value | hundreds | tens | ones | . | tenths | hundredths | thousandths |
| 4 | 11 | ||||||
| 1 | 10 | ||||||
| 4 | 5 | 1 | . | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
| - | 3 | 1 | 9 | . | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| 2 | . | 0 | 1 | 5 |
Subtract the numbers in the tens column from the top number:
4-1=3
| Place value | hundreds | tens | ones | . | tenths | hundredths | thousandths |
| 4 | 11 | ||||||
| 1 | 10 | ||||||
| 4 | 5 | 1 | . | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
| - | 3 | 1 | 9 | . | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| 3 | 2 | . | 0 | 1 | 5 |
Subtract the numbers in the hundreds column from the top number:
4-3=1
| Place value | hundreds | tens | ones | . | tenths | hundredths | thousandths |
| 4 | 11 | ||||||
| 1 | 10 | ||||||
| 4 | 5 | 1 | . | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
| - | 3 | 1 | 9 | . | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| 1 | 3 | 2 | . | 0 | 1 | 5 |
The solution is: 132.015
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