Solution - Long subtraction
Step-by-step explanation
1. Rewrite the numbers from top to bottom, aligned by their place values
| Place value | ten millions | millions | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 1 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 6 | |
| - | 2 | 0 | 9 | 7 | ||||
2. Subtract the numbers using long subtraction method
Because the upper digit (6) in the ones column is too small to get a positive difference, borrow 1 from the digit (1) in the next number place which becomes (0) and get (16).
| Place value | ten millions | millions | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 0 | 16 | |||||||
| 1 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 6 | |
| - | 2 | 0 | 9 | 7 | ||||
Subtract the numbers in the ones column from the top number:
16-7=9
| Place value | ten millions | millions | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 0 | 16 | |||||||
| 1 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 6 | |
| - | 2 | 0 | 9 | 7 | ||||
| 9 |
Because the upper digit (0) in the tens column is too small to get a positive difference, borrow 1 from the digit (4) in the next number place which becomes (3) and get (10).
| Place value | ten millions | millions | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 3 | 10 | |||||||
| 0 | 16 | |||||||
| 1 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 6 | |
| - | 2 | 0 | 9 | 7 | ||||
| 9 |
Subtract the numbers in the tens column from the top number:
10-9=1
| Place value | ten millions | millions | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 3 | 10 | |||||||
| 0 | 16 | |||||||
| 1 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 6 | |
| - | 2 | 0 | 9 | 7 | ||||
| 1 | 9 |
Subtract the numbers in the hundreds column from the top number:
3-0=3
| Place value | ten millions | millions | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 3 | 10 | |||||||
| 0 | 16 | |||||||
| 1 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 6 | |
| - | 2 | 0 | 9 | 7 | ||||
| 3 | 1 | 9 |
Subtract the numbers in the thousands column from the top number:
3-2=1
| Place value | ten millions | millions | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 3 | 10 | |||||||
| 0 | 16 | |||||||
| 1 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 6 | |
| - | 2 | 0 | 9 | 7 | ||||
| 1 | 3 | 1 | 9 |
Write 8 in the ten thousands place.
| Place value | ten millions | millions | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 3 | 10 | |||||||
| 0 | 16 | |||||||
| 1 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 6 | |
| - | 2 | 0 | 9 | 7 | ||||
| 8 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 9 |
Write 8 in the hundred thousands place.
| Place value | ten millions | millions | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 3 | 10 | |||||||
| 0 | 16 | |||||||
| 1 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 6 | |
| - | 2 | 0 | 9 | 7 | ||||
| 8 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 9 |
Write 9 in the millions place.
| Place value | ten millions | millions | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 3 | 10 | |||||||
| 0 | 16 | |||||||
| 1 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 6 | |
| - | 2 | 0 | 9 | 7 | ||||
| 9 | 8 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 9 |
Write 1 in the ten millions place.
| Place value | ten millions | millions | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 3 | 10 | |||||||
| 0 | 16 | |||||||
| 1 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 6 | |
| - | 2 | 0 | 9 | 7 | ||||
| 1 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 9 |
The solution is: 19,881,319
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