Solution - Long multiplication
Step-by-step explanation
1. Rewrite the numbers from top to bottom aligned to the right
| Place value | tens | ones | . | tenths | hundredths |
| 4 | 5 | ||||
| × | 6 | 3 | . | 8 | 1 |
| . |
Ignore the decimal points and multiply as if these are whole numbers (as if each most right digit is the ones digit):
In this case we removed 2 decimal place(s). So once calculated, the result will be reduced by the factor of 100.
| Place value | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 4 | 5 | |||||
| × | 6 | 3 | 8 | 1 | ||
2. Multiply the numbers using long multiplication method
Start by multiplying the ones digit (1) of the multiplier 6,381 by each digit of the multiplicand 45, from right to left.
Multiply the ones digit (1) of the multiplicator by the number in the ones place value:
1×5=5
Write 5 in the ones place.
| Place value | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 4 | 5 | |||||
| × | 6 | 3 | 8 | 1 | ||
| 5 | ||||||
Multiply the ones digit (1) of the multiplicator by the number in the tens place value:
1×4=4
Write 4 in the tens place.
| Place value | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 4 | 5 | |||||
| × | 6 | 3 | 8 | 1 | ||
| 4 | 5 | |||||
45 is the first partial product.
Proceed by multiplying the tens digit (8) of the multiplier (6,381) by each digit of the multiplicand (45), from right to left.
Because digit (8) is in tens place, we shift partial result by 1 place(s) by placing 1 zero(s).
| Place value | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 4 | 5 | |||||
| × | 6 | 3 | 8 | 1 | ||
| 4 | 5 | |||||
| 0 | ||||||
Multiply the tens digit (8) of the multiplicator by the number in the ones place value:
8×5=40
Write 0 in the tens place.
Because the result is greater than 9, carry the 4 to the hundreds place.
| Place value | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 4 | ||||||
| 4 | 5 | |||||
| × | 6 | 3 | 8 | 1 | ||
| 4 | 5 | |||||
| 0 | 0 | |||||
Multiply the tens digit (8) of the multiplicator by the number in the tens place value and add the carried number (4):
8×4+4=36
Write 6 in the hundreds place.
Because the result is greater than 9, carry the 3 to the thousands place.
| Place value | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 3 | 4 | |||||
| 4 | 5 | |||||
| × | 6 | 3 | 8 | 1 | ||
| 4 | 5 | |||||
| 3 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |||
3,600 is the second partial product.
Proceed by multiplying the hundreds digit (3) of the multiplier (6,381) by each digit of the multiplicand (45), from right to left.
Because digit (3) is in hundreds place, we shift partial result by 2 place(s) by placing 2 zero(s).
| Place value | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 4 | 5 | |||||
| × | 6 | 3 | 8 | 1 | ||
| 4 | 5 | |||||
| 3 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 0 | 0 | |||||
Multiply the hundreds digit (3) of the multiplicator by the number in the ones place value:
3×5=15
Write 5 in the hundreds place.
Because the result is greater than 9, carry the 1 to the thousands place.
| Place value | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 1 | ||||||
| 4 | 5 | |||||
| × | 6 | 3 | 8 | 1 | ||
| 4 | 5 | |||||
| 3 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 5 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Multiply the hundreds digit (3) of the multiplicator by the number in the tens place value and add the carried number (1):
3×4+1=13
Write 3 in the thousands place.
Because the result is greater than 9, carry the 1 to the ten thousands place.
| Place value | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 1 | 1 | |||||
| 4 | 5 | |||||
| × | 6 | 3 | 8 | 1 | ||
| 4 | 5 | |||||
| 3 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
13,500 is the third partial product.
Proceed by multiplying the thousands digit (6) of the multiplier (6,381) by each digit of the multiplicand (45), from right to left.
Because digit (6) is in thousands place, we shift partial result by 3 place(s) by placing 3 zero(s).
| Place value | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 4 | 5 | |||||
| × | 6 | 3 | 8 | 1 | ||
| 4 | 5 | |||||
| 3 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 0 | 0 | 0 |
Multiply the thousands digit (6) of the multiplicator by the number in the ones place value:
6×5=30
Write 0 in the thousands place.
Because the result is greater than 9, carry the 3 to the ten thousands place.
| Place value | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 3 | ||||||
| 4 | 5 | |||||
| × | 6 | 3 | 8 | 1 | ||
| 4 | 5 | |||||
| 3 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Multiply the thousands digit (6) of the multiplicator by the number in the tens place value and add the carried number (3):
6×4+3=27
Write 7 in the ten thousands place.
Because the result is greater than 9, carry the 2 to the hundred thousands place.
| Place value | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 2 | 3 | |||||
| 4 | 5 | |||||
| × | 6 | 3 | 8 | 1 | ||
| 4 | 5 | |||||
| 3 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 2 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
270,000 is the fourth partial product.
3. Add the partial products
45+3600+13500+270000=287145 long addition steps can be seen here
| Place value | hundred thousands | ten thousands | thousands | hundreds | tens | ones |
| 4 | 5 | |||||
| × | 6 | 3 | 8 | 1 | ||
| 4 | 5 | |||||
| 3 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| + | 2 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 5 |
Because we have 2 digit(s) to the right of the decimal point in the numbers that are being multiplied, we move the decimal point 2 time(s) to the left (reducing the result by the factor of 100) to get the final result:
The solution is: 2871.45
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