Solution - Quadratic equations

Step by step solution :

Step  1  :

Equation at the end of step  1  :

  (5y2 +  213y) -  2  = 0 

Step  2  :

Trying to factor by splitting the middle term

 2.1     Factoring  5y²+213y-2 

The first term is,  5y²  its coefficient is  5 .
The middle term is,  +213y  its coefficient is  213 .
The last term, "the constant", is  -2 

Step-1 : Multiply the coefficient of the first term by the constant   5 • -2 = -10 

Step-2 : Find two factors of  -10  whose sum equals the coefficient of the middle term, which is   213 .

Observation : No two such factors can be found !!
Conclusion : Trinomial can not be factored

Equation at the end of step  2  :

  5y2 + 213y - 2  = 0 

Step  3  :

Parabola, Finding the Vertex :

 3.1      Find the Vertex of   t = 5y²+213y-2

Parabolas have a highest or a lowest point called the Vertex .   Our parabola opens up and accordingly has a lowest point (AKA absolute minimum) .   We know this even before plotting  "t"  because the coefficient of the first term, 5 , is positive (greater than zero). 

 Each parabola has a vertical line of symmetry that passes through its vertex. Because of this symmetry, the line of symmetry would, for example, pass through the midpoint of the two  x -intercepts (roots or solutions) of the parabola. That is, if the parabola has indeed two real solutions. 

 Parabolas can model many real life situations, such as the height above ground, of an object thrown upward, after some period of time. The vertex of the parabola can provide us with information, such as the maximum height that object, thrown upwards, can reach. For this reason we want to be able to find the coordinates of the vertex. 

 For any parabola,Ay²+By+C,the  y -coordinate of the vertex is given by  -B/(2A) . In our case the  y  coordinate is  -21.3000  

 Plugging into the parabola formula  -21.3000  for  y  we can calculate the  t -coordinate : 
  t = 5.0 * -21.30 * -21.30 + 213.0 * -21.30 - 2.0
or   t = -2270.450

Parabola, Graphing Vertex and X-Intercepts :

Root plot for :  t = 5y²+213y-2
Axis of Symmetry (dashed)  {y}={-21.30} 
Vertex at  {y,t} = {-21.30,-2270.45} 
 y -Intercepts (Roots) :
Root 1 at  {y,t} = {-42.61, 0.00} 
Root 2 at  {y,t} = { 0.01, 0.00} 

Solve Quadratic Equation by Completing The Square

 3.2     Solving   5y²+213y-2 = 0 by Completing The Square .

 Divide both sides of the equation by  5  to have 1 as the coefficient of the first term :
   y²+(213/5)y-(2/5) = 0

Add  2/5  to both side of the equation :
   y²+(213/5)y = 2/5

Now the clever bit: Take the coefficient of  y , which is  213/5 , divide by two, giving  213/10 , and finally square it giving  45369/100 

Add  45369/100  to both sides of the equation :
  On the right hand side we have :
   2/5  +  45369/100   The common denominator of the two fractions is  100   Adding  (40/100)+(45369/100)  gives  45409/100 
  So adding to both sides we finally get :
   y²+(213/5)y+(45369/100) = 45409/100

Adding  45369/100  has completed the left hand side into a perfect square :
   y²+(213/5)y+(45369/100)  =
   (y+(213/10)) • (y+(213/10))  =
  (y+(213/10))²
Things which are equal to the same thing are also equal to one another. Since
   y²+(213/5)y+(45369/100) = 45409/100 and
   y²+(213/5)y+(45369/100) = (y+(213/10))²
then, according to the law of transitivity,
   (y+(213/10))² = 45409/100

We'll refer to this Equation as  Eq. #3.2.1  

The Square Root Principle says that When two things are equal, their square roots are equal.

Note that the square root of
   (y+(213/10))²   is
   (y+(213/10))^2/2 =
  (y+(213/10))¹ =
   y+(213/10)

Now, applying the Square Root Principle to  Eq. #3.2.1  we get:
   y+(213/10) = √ 45409/100

Subtract  213/10  from both sides to obtain:
   y = -213/10 + √ 45409/100

Since a square root has two values, one positive and the other negative
   y² + (213/5)y - (2/5) = 0
   has two solutions:
  y = -213/10 + √ 45409/100
   or
  y = -213/10 - √ 45409/100

Note that  √ 45409/100 can be written as
  √ 45409  / √ 100   which is √ 45409  / 10

Solve Quadratic Equation using the Quadratic Formula

 3.3     Solving    5y²+213y-2 = 0 by the Quadratic Formula .

 According to the Quadratic Formula,  y  , the solution for   Ay²+By+C  = 0  , where  A, B  and  C  are numbers, often called coefficients, is given by :
                                     
            - B  ±  √ B²-4AC
  y =   ————————
                      2A

  In our case,  A   =     5
                      B   =   213
                      C   =   -2

Accordingly,  B²  -  4AC   =
                     45369 - (-40) =
                     45409

Applying the quadratic formula :

               -213 ± √ 45409
   y  =    ————————
                        10

  √ 45409   , rounded to 4 decimal digits, is  213.0939
 So now we are looking at:
           y  =  ( -213 ±  213.094 ) / 10

Two real solutions:

 y =(-213+√45409)/10= 0.009

or:

 y =(-213-√45409)/10=-42.609

Two solutions were found :

1.  y =(-213-√45409)/10=-42.609
2.  y =(-213+√45409)/10= 0.009