Solution - Quadratic equations

Step by step solution :

Step  1  :

Step  2  :

Pulling out like terms :

 2.1     Pull out like factors :

   -x² + 50x - 15  =   -1 • (x² - 50x + 15) 

Trying to factor by splitting the middle term

 2.2     Factoring  x² - 50x + 15 

The first term is,  x²  its coefficient is  1 .
The middle term is,  -50x  its coefficient is  -50 .
The last term, "the constant", is  +15 

Step-1 : Multiply the coefficient of the first term by the constant   1 • 15 = 15 

Step-2 : Find two factors of  15  whose sum equals the coefficient of the middle term, which is   -50 .

Observation : No two such factors can be found !!
Conclusion : Trinomial can not be factored

Equation at the end of step  2  :

  -x2 + 50x - 15  = 0 

Step  3  :

Parabola, Finding the Vertex :

 3.1      Find the Vertex of   y = -x²+50x-15

Parabolas have a highest or a lowest point called the Vertex .   Our parabola opens down and accordingly has a highest point (AKA absolute maximum) .    We know this even before plotting  "y"  because the coefficient of the first term, -1 , is negative (smaller than zero). 

 Each parabola has a vertical line of symmetry that passes through its vertex. Because of this symmetry, the line of symmetry would, for example, pass through the midpoint of the two  x -intercepts (roots or solutions) of the parabola. That is, if the parabola has indeed two real solutions. 

 Parabolas can model many real life situations, such as the height above ground, of an object thrown upward, after some period of time. The vertex of the parabola can provide us with information, such as the maximum height that object, thrown upwards, can reach. For this reason we want to be able to find the coordinates of the vertex. 

 For any parabola,Ax²+Bx+C,the  x -coordinate of the vertex is given by  -B/(2A) . In our case the  x  coordinate is  25.0000  

 Plugging into the parabola formula  25.0000  for  x  we can calculate the  y -coordinate : 
  y = -1.0 * 25.00 * 25.00 + 50.0 * 25.00 - 15.0
or   y = 610.000

Parabola, Graphing Vertex and X-Intercepts :

Root plot for :  y = -x²+50x-15
Axis of Symmetry (dashed)  {x}={25.00} 
Vertex at  {x,y} = {25.00,610.00} 
 x -Intercepts (Roots) :
Root 1 at  {x,y} = {49.70, 0.00} 
Root 2 at  {x,y} = { 0.30, 0.00} 

Solve Quadratic Equation by Completing The Square

 3.2     Solving   -x²+50x-15 = 0 by Completing The Square .

 Multiply both sides of the equation by  (-1)  to obtain positive coefficient for the first term:
 x²-50x+15 = 0  Subtract  15  from both side of the equation :
   x²-50x = -15

Now the clever bit: Take the coefficient of  x , which is  50 , divide by two, giving  25 , and finally square it giving  625 

Add  625  to both sides of the equation :
  On the right hand side we have :
   -15  +  625    or,  (-15/1)+(625/1) 
  The common denominator of the two fractions is  1   Adding  (-15/1)+(625/1)  gives  610/1 
  So adding to both sides we finally get :
   x²-50x+625 = 610

Adding  625  has completed the left hand side into a perfect square :
   x²-50x+625  =
   (x-25) • (x-25)  =
  (x-25)²
Things which are equal to the same thing are also equal to one another. Since
   x²-50x+625 = 610 and
   x²-50x+625 = (x-25)²
then, according to the law of transitivity,
   (x-25)² = 610

We'll refer to this Equation as  Eq. #3.2.1  

The Square Root Principle says that When two things are equal, their square roots are equal.

Note that the square root of
   (x-25)²   is
   (x-25)^2/2 =
  (x-25)¹ =
   x-25

Now, applying the Square Root Principle to  Eq. #3.2.1  we get:
   x-25 = √ 610

Add  25  to both sides to obtain:
   x = 25 + √ 610

Since a square root has two values, one positive and the other negative
   x² - 50x + 15 = 0
   has two solutions:
  x = 25 + √ 610
   or
  x = 25 - √ 610

Solve Quadratic Equation using the Quadratic Formula

 3.3     Solving    -x²+50x-15 = 0 by the Quadratic Formula .

 According to the Quadratic Formula,  x  , the solution for   Ax²+Bx+C  = 0  , where  A, B  and  C  are numbers, often called coefficients, is given by :
                                     
            - B  ±  √ B²-4AC
  x =   ————————
                      2A

  In our case,  A   =     -1
                      B   =    50
                      C   =  -15

Accordingly,  B²  -  4AC   =
                     2500 - 60 =
                     2440

Applying the quadratic formula :

               -50 ± √ 2440
   x  =    ———————
                        -2

Can  √ 2440 be simplified ?

Yes!   The prime factorization of  2440   is
   2•2•2•5•61 
To be able to remove something from under the radical, there have to be  2  instances of it (because we are taking a square i.e. second root).

√ 2440   =  √ 2•2•2•5•61   =
                ±  2 • √ 610

  √ 610   , rounded to 4 decimal digits, is  24.6982
 So now we are looking at:
           x  =  ( -50 ± 2 •  24.698 ) / -2

Two real solutions:

 x =(-50+√2440)/-2=25-√ 610 = 0.302

or:

 x =(-50-√2440)/-2=25+√ 610 = 49.698

Two solutions were found :

1.  x =(-50-√2440)/-2=25+√ 610 = 49.698
2.  x =(-50+√2440)/-2=25-√ 610 = 0.302